Bulbs are a combination of stem and leaves so may better be considered as leaves because the leaves make up the greater part. Bulbs often function in reproduction by splitting to form new bulbs or producing small new bulbs termed bulblets. Bulb: a short vertical underground stem with fleshy storage leaves attached, e.g.Bud: an embryonic shoot with immature stem tip.Branched: aerial stems are described as being branched or unbranched.Axillary bud: a bud which grows at the point of attachment of an older leaf with the stem.Arborescent: tree with woody stems normally with a single trunk.Actually these stems are just extremely short, the leaves appearing to rise directly out of the ground, e.g. Acaulescent: used to describe stems in plants that appear to be stemless.The two tissues are separated by cambium which is a tissue that divides to form xylem or phloem cells. The phloem tissue consists of sieve tubes and their companion cells. The xylem tissue transports water by the action of transpiration pull, capillary action and root pressure. Stems have two pipe-like tissues called xylem and phloem. Stems have cells called meristems that annually generate new living tissue. The normal lifespan of plant cells is one to three years. Transport of fluids between the roots and the shoots in the xylem and phloem(see below).The stems keep the leaves in the light and provide a place for the plant to keep its flowers and fruits. Support for and the elevation of leaves, flowers and fruits.Stems have four main functions which are: In most plants stems are located above the soil surface but some plants have underground stems. The term " shoots" is often confused with "stems" "shoots" generally refers to new fresh plant growth including both stems and other structures like leaves or flowers. The internodes distance one node from another. ![]() Adventitious roots may also be produced from the nodes. The nodes hold one or more leaves, as well as buds which can grow into branches (with leaves, conifer cones, or inflorescences (flowers)).The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes: It supports leaves, flowers and fruits, transports water and dissolved substances between the roots and the shoots in the xylem and phloem, stores nutrients, and produces new living tissue. This above-ground stem of Polygonum has lost its leaves, but is producing adventitious roots from the nodes.Ī stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root.
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